Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms such as bacteria. Eukaryotic cells typically make up multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals, but can also be single-celled organisms like algae. The main difference between the two is that how a prokaryotic cell stores its genetic information and its “organelles”. Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, membrane bound organelles, and linear DNA. Prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, but the similarities stop there. There are no membrane bound organelles and the DNA is of the circular variety. While both cells have genetic material, this material is stored differently. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus covered by a double membrane [nuclear envelope] that regulates the movement of material in and out of the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells only have a nucleoid, a region in which all the DNA clumps together. Prokaryotic cells also lack certain organelles that only eukaryotic cells have, such as mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi Apparatus. There are more cellular structures that are not found or rarely found within prokaryotic cells. Overall, the cellular organization of prokaryotic cells are more primitive and simplified than that of eukaryotic cells.
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